Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Politics and School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
• ² Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
• ³ Department of Communication, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
• ⁴ Meta, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
• ⁵ Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
• ⁶ Research Network Data Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
• ⁷ UNC Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel, NC, USA.
• ⁸ Department of Economics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
• ⁹ Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
• ¹⁰ Department of Statistics and Data Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
• ¹¹ School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
• ¹² Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
• ¹³ Department of Government, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
• ¹⁴ Department of Government, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA.
• ¹⁵ Department of Political Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
• ¹⁶ School of Media and Public Affairs and Institute for Data, Democracy, and Politics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
• ¹⁷ Department of Communication, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
• ¹⁸ Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
• ¹⁹ Moody College of Communication and Center for Media Engagement, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
• ²⁰ Wilf Family Department of Politics and Center for Social Media and Politics, New York University, New York, NY, USA.